2. Selecting a counterexample
If you are modeling a problem state, for example, you don't want to select any counterexample. You need a counterexample that has all the features described for the problem state except that the person's response is useful and life-affirming. This will be an immense help in disregarding all the elements in the two experiences that are the same, and are irrelevant to success/failure. However, later you may need to go back and identify other supporting elements that are necessary, but not sufficient, and since they were present in both experiences you disregarded them.
